TCP/IP Bible

• TCP/IP communication fundamentals
• TCP/IP and the OSI model, network topologies
• TCP/IP architecture
• configuration on different platforms
• common TCP/IP applications
• designing and building TCP/IP networks
• TCP/IP use for Internet access including firewall
• PKI and VPN coverage
• TCP/IP usage for printing
• remote access and file sharing
• video and advanced data access
• e-mail, security considerations and other network uses
• detailed troubleshooting information.

The TCP/IP Bible was written from the hands-on experience from network experts, Rob Scrimger and Paul LaSalle, who provide you with practical examples, tips, and hints.

Table of Contents

Preface

Acknowledgments

Part I: Understanding TCP/IP Communications

Chapter 1: Understanding Network Fundamentals

What is a Network?

Components of a Network

Types of Network Configurations

Decentralized networks

Centralized networks

The OSI Reference Model

The Application layer

The Presentation layer

The Session layer

The Transport layer

The Network layer

The Data Link layer

The Physical layer

Types of Area Networks

Local area networks

Wide area networks

Project Model IEEE 802

Network Topologies

Bus topology

Star topology

Ring topology

Mesh topology

Hybrid topology

Network Infrastructure

Repeaters

Network Interface Card

Hub

Switch

Bridge

Router

Brouter

Gateway

Introduction to TCP/IP

Request for Comments

TCP/IP reference model

IP addressing overview

TCP/IP applications

Chapter 2: Architecture of the TCP/IP Protocol

The Five-Layer TCP/IP Architecture

The Physical layer

The Network Interface layer

The Internet layer

The Transport layer

The Application layer

Communication Between Layers

Transport layer header format

Internet layer header format

Chapter 3: Physical Layer

How Signals Traverse a Wire

Transmission/signaling methods

Transmission technologies and mechanisms

Physical media

Modems

Wireless media

Common Topologies

Bus

Token Ring

Star

Fiber Distributed Data Interface

Asynchronous Transfer Mode

Chapter 4: Network Interface Layer

Overview of the Network Interface Layer

Contents of an Ethernet frame

Typical parts of a network packet

Media Access Control Standards

Ethernet

ARCnet

Token Ring

Asynchronous Transfer Mode

Mapping the Physical Address to the IP Address

ARP and RARP

ATMARP

Chapter 5: Internet Layer

The Purpose of the Internet Layer

Determining whether the destination is local or remote

Overview of routing

Internet Protocol Addresses

Binary and decimal notation

Network IDs and host IDs

Classes of IPv4 Addresses

What the address represents

How the subnet mask is used

The default gateway

Determining whether the destination is local or remote

Basics of Routing

Hardware and software routers

Types of routes

Examining an IP Datagram

IP header

IP payload

Internet Control Messaging Protocol

Purpose of ICMP

ICMP packets

Internet Group Management Protocol

Overview of multicasting

What multicasting is used for

IGMP packets

Chapter 6: Transport Layer

Types of Data Transfer

Reliable versus unreliable delivery

Stateful versus stateless delivery

Connectionless Data Transfer

Connection-Oriented Data Transfer

Initiating a session

Maximum Segment Size

TCP sends and receives windows

Congestion window

Slow start algorithm

Transmission Control Protocol header

Chapter 7: Application Layer

Overview of Ports

Well-known port numbers

Understanding Sockets

Bidirectional socket-based communications

Remote Procedure Call

PART II: Working with TCP/IP

Chapter 8: Installing and Configuring TCP/IP

Configuring TCP/IP

Always needed information

Sometimes needed information

Configuring TCP/IP in the Linux World

Installing and Configuring in the Microsoft World

Installing TCP/IP on Microsoft operating systems

Configuring TCP/IP manually

Viewing the IP Configuration

Chapter 9: Automatic Configuration

Overview of Automatic Configuration

Benefits of automatic configuration

Considerations for multisegment networks

Bootstrap Protocol

The BOOTP bootstrap process

Looking at the BOOTP packet

BOOTP-enabled routers

Shortcomings of BOOTP

Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol

DHCP leasing

Scope and server options

The DHCP packet

DHCP server options

Routing DHCP

Chapter 10: Finding Hosts on an IP Network

Overview of Host Names

Basic host names

Fully Qualified Domain Names

Canonical names and aliases

The Local HOSTS File

Format of the HOSTS file

Name resolution

Using DNS to Resolve Host Names

What is a domain?

Name servers

Resolvers

Understanding name space

Zones within the name space

Building a zone file

Iterative and recursive queries

Configuring DNS using the Berkeley Internet Name Daemon

Configuring Windows 2000

NetBIOS Name Resolution

What is a NetBIOS name?

Microsoft's networking components

Resolving NetBIOS names -- Pre-Windows 2000

Resolving NetBIOS names in Windows 2000

Part III: Common TCP/IP Applications

Chapter 11: Providing Internet Access

Overview of Private and Public Internetworks

Private network addressing

The limitations of IPv4

Connecting to the Internet

Internet Service Providers

Using a Firewall

Role of firewalls

Types of firewalls

Common network configurations using firewalls

Using Network Address Translation

Benefits of using NAT

Transparent versus non-transparent

Using a proxy server

Microsoft's Internet Connection Sharing

Virtual Private Networks

Point-to-Point Tunneling Protocol

Layer-2 Tunneling Protocol

Chapter 12: File Utilities

Network File System

NFS overview

NFS services

Security issues in NFS

NFS versions

Configuring an NFS server

Distributed File System

DFS overview

Stand-alone versus domain DFS roots

Configuring DFS on Windows 2000

File Transfer Utilities

File Transfer Protocol

Trivial File Transfer Protocol

Remote Copy Protocol

Chapter 13: Remote Command Utilities

Remote Command Utilities Overview

Telnet

Remote login

Remote shell

Secure shell

Remote execute

Terminal Servers

Sun Ray

Microsoft Terminal Server

Citrix

Chapter 14: Printing over the Network

Printing Overview

Printing in the Linux world

Printing in the Microsoft world

Printing from the client

Configuring an lpd Server

Remote Linux/UNIX printers

The printtool utility

Connecting to a local printer

Connecting to a network interface printer

Print commands

Microsoft Internet Printing Protocol

Administrators

All other users

Chapter 15: World Wide Web Applications and Protocols

Overview of the World Wide Web

Introduction to the Internet

The evolution of the World Wide Web

How the World Wide Web works

HyperText Markup Language

HyperText Transfer Protocol

The World Wide Web Consortium

World Wide Web Applications

Web servers

Applications across the Internet

Languages

Security on the Web

E-commerce on the Internet

Video and Other Advanced Data Types

Streaming audio and video

Considerations regarding streaming

Chapter 16: Getting News and Mail

Overview of the Mail Process

The Simple Mail Transfer Protocol

Post Office Protocol

Internet Mail Access Protocol

Reading your mail

MIME and S/MIME

Pretty Good Privacy

Overview of Network News

Servers and hubs

Network News Transfer Protocol

Netiquette

Chapter 17: Enterprise Information Services

Network Directory Service Overview

The X.500 Standard

Lightweight Directory Access Protocol

Network Information Service

Network Information Service +

StreetTalk Directory Service

Novell's Network Directory Service

Active Directory Service

Part IV: Building and Maintaining TCP/IP Networks

Chapter 18: Choosing Your Addressing Scheme

Evaluating Your Addressing Needs

Physical network configuration

Locations to be serviced

Performance requirements

Private versus Public Addresses

Obtaining Addresses and Connectivity

Calculating Your Address Needs

Subnetting

Calculating the location ID

Computing the subnet ID

Finding the host addresses

A quick look at supernetting

Chapter 19: Designing Routing for Your Network

Some Basics of Routing

The routing table

Building a routing table

Static routing

Deploying Routing

Tying your subnets together

Variable Length Subnet Masking

Connecting remote offices

Dynamic Routing

ICMP Router Discovery

Routing Information Protocol

Internet Gateway Routing Protocol

Open Shortest Path First

Chapter 20: Planning Server Placement

Determining What Services Your Network Needs

Deploying services on your network

Combining services

Planning Load Balancing and Redundancy

Adding more systems

Multihoming systems

Using hierarchical servers

Using clustering

Chapter 21: Understanding Communications

Communications Background

Connecting locations

Building your WAN

Planning for Remote Access

Choosing a dial-in strategy

Working remotely

Chapter 22: Planning for Network Security

Assessing Your Risk

Balancing Security and Usability

Securing Your Network

Encrypting data transmission

Authenticating users

Using encryption and authentication together

Chapter 23: Troubleshooting Network and Connectivity Problems

The Troubleshooting Process

Checking the IP Configuration

Checking the IP configuration for Microsoft Windows

Checking the IP configuration for UNIX systems

Testing Connectivity

Troubleshooting Name Resolution

Troubleshooting host name resolution

Troubleshooting NetBIOS name resolution

Verifying the Client and Server

Chapter 24: Monitoring TCP/IP Networks

Monitoring the Physical Hardware

Considerations for authentication servers

Considerations for file and print servers

Considerations for application servers

Monitoring tools

Tools for Monitoring the Network

Using ping to monitor the network

Using netstat to monitor the network

Using nbtstat to monitor NetBIOS sessions

Working with sniffers to capture network traffic

Simple Network Management Protocol

Community names

The SNMP management system

The SNMP agent

Management Information Base

Tuning TCP Window Size

Chapter 25: Planning for the Future

Looking at IPv6

Changes from IPv4

IPv6 addressing

Wireless Internet

Wireless Datagram Protocol

Wireless Transport Layer Security

Wireless Transaction Protocol

Wireless Session Protocol

Wireless Application Environment

Smart Appliances

Planning for the Future
Appendix: DNS Top-Level Domains
Index