TCP/IP Illustrated, Volume 3 - TCP for Transactions, HTTP, NNTP and the UNIX Domain Protocols

Praised by reviewers and practicing TCP/IP programmers alike, the TCP/IP Illustrated series examines the many facets of the TCP/IP protocol suite using a unique and highly-effective visual approach that describes the inner workings of TCP/IP with detail, insight, and clarity.

Volume 3 provides detailed coverage of four essential topics with which today's TCP/IP programmers and network administrators must be thoroughly familiar:

• T/TCP (TCP for Transactions), an extension to TCP that makes client-server transactions faster, more efficient, and more reliable;
• HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol), the foundation for the rapidly expanding World Wide Web;
• NNTP (the Network News Transfer Protocol), the basis for the Usenet news system; and
• UNIX Domain Protocols, a set of protocols used heavily in UNIX implementations.

As in the previous two volumes, the book is filled with examples and implementation details within the 4.4BSD-Lite networking code.

The TCP/IP Illustrated series provides a complete picture of the protocol suite that drives the Internet, and gives programmers, system administrators, and serious users the information, understanding, and skills they need to remain at the forefront of networking technology.

Table of contents

Preface

Part 1. TCP for Transactions

Chapter 1. T/TCP Introduction

Introduction
UDP Client-Server
TCP Client-Server
T/TCP Client-Server
Test Network
Timing Example
Applications
History
Implementations
Summary

Chapter 2. T/TCP Protocol

Introduction
New TCP Options for T/TCP
T/TCP Implementation Variables
State Transition Diagram
T/TCP Extended States
Summary

Chapter 3. T/TCP Examples

Introduction
Client Reboot
Normal T/TCP Transaction
Server Receives Old Duplicate SYN
Server Reboot
Request or Reply Exceeds MSS
Backward Compatibility
Summary

Chapter 4. T/TCP Protocol (Continued)

Introduction
Client Port Numbers and TIME_WAIT State
Purpose of the TIME_WAIT State
TIME_WAIT State Truncation
Avoiding the Three-Way Handshake with TAO
Summary

Chapter 5. T/TCP Implementation: Socket Layer

Introduction
Constants
sosend Function
Summary

Chapter 6. T/TCP Implementation: Routing Table

Introduction
Code Introduction
radix_node_head Structure
rtentry Structure
rt_metrics Structure
in_inithead Function
in_addroute Function
in_matroute Function
in_clsroute Function
in_rtqtimo Function
in_rtqkill Function
Summary

Chapter 7. T/TCP Implementation: Protocol Control Blocks

Introduction
in_pcbladdr Function
in_pcbconnect Function
Summary

Chapter 8. T/TCP Implementation: TCP Overview

Introduction
Code Introduction
TCP protosw Structure
TCP Control Block
tcp_init Function
tcp_slowtimo Function
Summary

Chapter 9. T/TCP Implementation: TCP Output

Introduction
tcp_output Function
Summary

Chapter 10. T/TCP Implementation: TCP Functions

Introduction
tcp_newtcpcb Function
tcp_rtlookup Function
tcp_gettaocache Function
Retransmission Timeout Calculations
tcp_close Function
tcp_msssend Function
tcp_mssrcvd Function
tcp_dooptions Function
tcp_reass Function
Summary

Chapter 11. T/TCP Implementation: TCP Input

Introduction
Preliminary Processing
Header Prediction
Initiation of Passive Open
Initiation of Active Open
PAWS: Protection Against Wrapped Sequence Numbers
ACK Processing
Completion of Passive Opens and Simultaneous Opens
ACK Processing (Continued)
FIN Processing
Summary

Chapter 12. T/TCP Implementation: TCP User Requests

Introduction
PRU_CONNECT Request
tcp_connect Function
PRU_SEND and PRU_SEND_EOF Requests
tcp_usrclosed Function
tcp_sysctl Function
T/TCP Futures
Summary

Part 2. Additional TCP Applications

Chapter 13. HTTP: Hypertext Transfer Protocol

Introduction
Introduction to HTTP and HTML
HTTP Protocol
An Example
HTTP Statistics
Performance Problems
Summary

Chapter 14. Packets Found on an HTTP Server

Introduction
Multiple HTTP Servers
Client SYN Interarrival Time
RTT Measurements
listen Backlog Queue
Client SYN Options
Client SYN Retransmissions
Domain Names
Timing Out Persist Probes
Simulation of T/TCP Routing Table Size
Mbuf Interaction
TCP PCB Cache and Header Prediction
Summary

Chapter 15. NNTP: Network News Transfer Protocol

Introduction
NNTP Protocol
A Simple News Client
A More Sophisticated News Client
NNTP Statistics
Summary

Part 3. The Unix Domain Protocols

Chapter 16. Unix Domain Protocols: Introduction

Introduction
Usage
Performance
Coding Examples
Summary

Chapter 17. Unix Domain Protocols: Implementation

Introduction
Code Introduction
Unix domain and protosw Structures
Unix Domain Socket Address Structures
Unix Domain Protocol Control Blocks
uipc_usrreq Function
PRU_ATTACH Request and unp_attach Function
PRU_DETACH Request and unp_detach Function
PRU_BIND Request and unp_bind Function
PRU_CONNECT Request and unp_connect Function
PRU_CONNECT2 Request and unp_connect2 Function
socketpair System Call
pipe System Call
PRU_ACCEPT Request
PRU_DISCONNECT Request and unp_disconnect Function
PRU_SHUTDOWN Request and unp_shutdown Function
PRU_ABORT Request and unp_drop Function
Miscellaneous Requests
Summary

Chapter 18. Unix Domain Protocols: I/O and Descriptor Passing

Appendix A. Measuring Network Times

RTT Measurements Using Ping
Protocol Stack Measurements
Latency and Bandwidth

Appendix B. Coding Applications for T/TCP

Bibliography

Index